Unit+VI


 * ===﻿America and World War 2===

A. Notes on Saving Private Ryan
What I know about D-Day so far is that it was a time when the Allied Forces invaded France to attackthe Germans.
 * France, Africa and Italy
 * Americans invading France fighting Germans
 * June 6, 1944

Textbook Pg. 772
===American Forces in North Africa and Italy- in Morocca, Algeria,Libya, and Egypt- for their first action of WWII (1942-3). America was joining the fight to help recapture these countries from German/Axis control===

Chapter 24 Overview
France and Germany were ruined during World War II
 * ===Operation Torch called for American forces to to invade Morroco and Algeria in 1942 which was French territory.===
 * ===America didn't feel much sympathy for migrant Jews because they were more worried about how their people were with unemployment.===
 * ===American and Filipino soldiers had to march 63 miles in the Bataan Death March which killed up to 10,000 soldiers===
 * ===The Battle of Midway was the start of the Allies starting to win.===

The atomic bomb is the most advanced technologic weapon in the world that America used The temperature from the explosion of the bomb was ten times hotter than the surface of the sun After the second atomic bomb was dropped, Japan surrendered Nuclear weapons was the term; the atomic bomb was one of those weapons America was "The World Super Power" after WWII Americans had 50 million babies in 15 years "The Baby Boom" 1945-1960 1950s was peace and prosperity

C. Background to WWII and the start of the war in Europe.
The instability created in Europe by the First World War (1914-18) set the stage for another international conflict–World War II–which broke out two decades later and would prove even more devastating. Rising to power in an economically and politically unstable Germany, Adolf Hitler and his National Socialist (Nazi Party) **rearmed the nation and signed strategic treaties with Italy and Japan to further his ambitions of world domination. Italy had come under the control of a dictator named Benito Mussolini and Japan was being led by a military General Hideki Tojo**. Hitler came to power in 1933 and in the mid-1930s set the world on a course to war. Hitler began by taking complete control of Germany as a dictator and leading the German people to **start targeting Jews on a quest to create a pure German race**. He then violated World War I's Treaty of Versailles by rebuilding the German military and beginning to take back land Germany had lost from the Versailles treaty - Germany **took part of Austria in 1938 and Czechoslovakia early in 1939**. While Hitler took these actions America was more focused on domestic issues and both **Great Britain and France were trying to avoid another war,** so they used a **policy called Appeasement, which means giving in to the demands of an aggressor, letting Hitler get away with what he was doing**.

Hitler was able to gain momentum and his **invasion of Poland in September 1939 drove Great Britain and France to declare war on Germany, and World War II had begun.** Before Hitler could be slowed, **Germany, Italy, and Japan had taken over much of Europe and Asia: Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Finland, Norway, Denmark, Netherlands, __France__, Libya, part of China, The Philippines,** and more (take a look at the map below).

WWII pitted the **Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, Japan) against the Allied Powers (Great Britain and France, followed by the Soviet Union and the U.S.).** Over the next **six years**, the conflict would take more lives and destroy more land and property around the globe than any previous war. An **estimated 45-60 million people were killed during WWII. Included were 6 million Jews murdered in Nazi concentration camps as part of Hitler's diabolical "Final Solution," now known as the Holocaust.** America did not declare war until December of 1941, **after being bombed by Japan at Pearl Harbor navy base in Hawaii**. From 1937 to 1941, America had been supplying the Allied Powers with war supplies, but fully joined the war in 1942, **fighting Germany and Italy in North Africa and Italy and fighting Japan in the islands and waters of the Pacific Ocean**.

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D. Key Terms
===**1.Treaty of Versailles- Treaty that the Allied Powers put on Germany after World War I for them to pay reparations for the war** === ===**2. Dictator- A ruler of a country with complete power** === ===**3. Totalitarian- Government under control of many people** === ===**4. Fascism- Belief that the country is their first priority and they work to glorify it** === ===**5. Appeasement- Letting someone go of their crimes against you, to make peace** === ===**6. Hitler, Mussolini, Tojo- Leaders of the countries in the Axis Powers** === ===**7. Axis Powers- Germany, Italy and Japan** === ===**8. Pearl Harbor- Major US naval base, on December 7, 1941 Japan attacked and bombed it which pushed America into the war.** === ===**9. Allied Powers- Great Britain, France, America, Soviet Union** === ===**10. D-Day- First day of invasion on France, the battle was called the Battle of Normandy** === ===**11. Dwight Eisenhower- 34th President of the US, commander of D-Day** ===

**F. Pearl Harbor attacked by the Japanese**
> Japan attacked Pearl Harbor because the U.S. was starting to put restrictions on Japan gaining more territory which cut their oil supply and neither of them were agreeing to negotiating terms.
 * ===Pearl Harbor is a U.S. Naval Base at Oahu, Hawaii. It was attacked on December 7, 1941.===
 * The U.S. should have been expecting that Japan would bring force to them.
 * U.S.'s response was to declare war
 * The Posters promoted vengeance for the bombing of Pearl Harbor and not to let this go unattended.

Key terms

 * Mobilize
 * The Office of PorductionManagement
 * The War Production Board
 * Rosie the Riveter
 * Manhatten Project
 * J. Robert Oppenheimer

G3 . Military impact: Operations

 * ===2-Front .War - aka Two Theater War- In WWII, the U.S. was fighting in Europe and in the Pacific===
 * ===Operation Torch - N Africa & Italy- The first fighting in WWII for American forces was in North Africa and then Italy===
 * ===Operation Overlord - D-Day & Normandy- Invasion of France to retake it from German control- led by the U.S. and General Eisenhower===
 * ===Battle of the Bulge- As the Germans were getting close to defeat, they launched one last big offensive. It was temporarily successful but couldn't fight off the Allies for long===
 * ===Ending the Holocaust- As the Americans came from the west and the Soviets from the east, the Germans were defeated and all of the concentration camps were discovered, Any prisoners left were freed===
 * ===Slow start in the Pacific- The first few battles in the Pacifif theatre were won by Japan, America was struggling on that front. America even lost control of the Phillipinesmto the japanese===
 * ===Doolittle's Raid on Tokyo- Bombing of Japan helps turn things around April 1942===
 * ===Battles of Coral Sea, Midway, Guadalcanal, Leyte Gulf, Iwo Jima, Okinawa - ISLAND HOPPING in the PACIFIC -American forces win a number of battles in the Pacific- mosty in air see map:===
 * [[image:http://media.maps.com/magellan/Images/USAH041-H.gif width="550" height="458" caption="WWIIin the Pacific Theater"]] ||


 * May 7 1945 Germany surrendered from the war
 * Capitalism vs Communism was the Cold War between the U.S. and the Soviet Union
 * Truman starts to say segregation doesn't make sense and works against that
 * By 1948, Truman abolishes segregation in the armed forces
 * Truman won the popular and the electoral vote against Dewey who was expected to win
 * China had been taken over by communist
 * Truman's popularity sunk to 23%

G4 The Home Front Continues

 * Rationing-To allow someone to have a certain amount of something, limiting the ammount
 * Home Front- What's happening in a country that's at war
 * To pay for world war 2, the governemnt raised taxes, and borrowed money from the Amercian people through war bonds
 * Office of War Information- They were a agency that promoted a cause in this case WWII by making films and posters to influence people's efforts for the war.
 * Executive Order 9066- Allowed the military to create military zones that they can remove people from if they want to. Keeping someone against their will
 * Fred Korematsu fought against the executive order because he felt that he didn't need to go anywhere because he was an American citizen

What Happened:

 * ===Germany and its capital city of Berlin would be split up===
 * ===Germany won't be punished this time===
 * ===Stalin promised he would help set up elections in Poland and other countries in need of new governments but didn't keep his promise===
 * ===Stalin promised when Germany is defeatded U.S. will have 3 months to beat Japan or they will help but do want some of the land they have under their control===
 * ===United Nations- June 1945, Orginazation of countries trying to keep peace===
 * ===Postdam Conference- Meeting in July of 1945 in Postdam Germany. After Germany was defeated===

I Outcomes and Effects of WWII
**Deaths** || **Deaths as % of total of 1939 Population** ||  ||
 * 1) Allies oversee countries' rebuilding (ex. the U.S. greatly influenced the new Japanese constitution)
 * 2) The United Nations was created and still exist today ((192 member nations)
 * 3) The world entered the age of nuclear weapons [nuclear proliferation]
 * 4) The government spending and jobs created by WWII ended the Great Depression
 * 5) The Americans military remained extremely large and only grew, as did America's military presence around the world
 * 6) China-3.000,000 Japan- 2,120,000 Soviet Union-10,700,000
 * 7) The Start of the Cold War- the U.S. vs the S.U.
 * **Human Losses of World War II by Country** ||
 * **Country** || **Military Deaths** || **Civilian Deaths** || **Jewish Deaths**
 * in the Holocaust** || **Total**
 * in the Holocaust** || **Total**
 * **China** || 3,000,000 || 12,000,000 ||  || 15,000,000 || 3.86 ||
 * [|Czechoslovakia] || 25,000 || 43,000 || 277,000 || 345,000 || 2.25 ||
 * [|France] || 217,600 || 267,000 || 83,000 || 567,600 || 1.35 ||
 * [|Germany] || 5,533,000 || 1,800,000 || 160,000 || 8,393,000 || 12.15 ||
 * [|Hungary] || 300,000 || 80,000 || 200,000 || 580,000 || 6.35 ||
 * [|India] || 87,000 || 2,00,000 ||  || 2,587,000 || 0.66 ||
 * [|Italy] || 301,400 || 145,100 || 8,000 || 454,500 || 1.02 ||
 * [|Japan] || 2,120,000 || 580,000 ||  || 2,700,000 || 3.78 ||
 * [|Philippines] || 57,000 || 850,000 ||  || 850,000 || 3.48 ||
 * [|Poland] || 240,000 || 2,580,000 || 3,000,000 || 5,820,000 || 16.1 ||
 * [|Soviet Union] || 10,700,000 || 12,254,000 || 1,000,000 || 23,954,000 || 14.18 ||
 * [|United Kingdom] || 382,700 || 67,100 ||  || 449,800 || 0.94 ||
 * [|United States] || 416,800 || 1,700 ||  || 418,500 || 0.32 ||
 * **Totals (estimates)** || **25,000,500** || **40,900,600** || **5,752,400** || **66,394,200** || **3.50** ||
 * **Totals (estimates)** || **25,000,500** || **40,900,600** || **5,752,400** || **66,394,200** || **3.50** ||

K. WWII Top Ten KTs

 * Axis Powers- Germany, Japan, and Italy
 * Allied Powers- U.S., Soviet Union, Great Britain, France
 * D-Day- When Allied Forces invaded France to battle Germany
 * Nazi- Name for Hitler's soldiers for war
 * Holocaust- Time where Jews were tortured and killed by Germany in concentration camps
 * Pearl Harbor- U.S. naval base that was bombed by Japan
 * Atomic Bomb- Deadly Bomb used by the U.S. on Japan twice before they surrendered
 * United Nations- Countries put together to make peace
 * Home Front- What's happening in a country that's at war
 * Propaganda- Advertisement for the war

L. WWII Essay Work: Thesis Statements
Thesis Statement- Shows the topic, restates the question, and sets up your arguement. 1-2 Sentences long should include specifics, reasons, should be a compound sentence Essay- Proving your thesis

Q: How was your weekend? TS: How my weekend went was a fun, yet dreadful time. It was the best of both worlds.

Test Review
Chapter 28 Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4
 * The Rise of Dictators- After World War I, New ruthless leaders began to rise from the effects of war.
 * Fascism- System that really cared about the glory of the state
 * Totalitarian- Form of government where the person in charge has absolute control over everything
 * Germany started to fuel the flames of war from anger towards France and Great Britain
 * Appeasement- giving in to aggresive demands to maintain peace.
 * blitzkrieg- Lightning war
 * The U.S. could only stay away for so long, until the Axis Powers pushed their limits of peace and the U.S. got ready for war
 * Pacifists- people who do not believe in the use of military force
 * Lend-Lease Act- Sending weapons to other nations whether they can pay or not